Dilated pupils in cats can have several causes, ranging from normal reactions to more serious health concerns. In low light, it's natural for a cat's pupils to expand to let in more light. However, if the dilation persists in bright environments, it could indicate excitement, fear, or stress—like during play or if they feel threatened. More concerning causes include pain, high blood pressure, or neurological issues. If your cat shows other symptoms like lethargy, disorientation, or changes in behavior, a vet visit is essential to rule out serious conditions.